\u0110o \u0111i\u1ec7n tim, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ghi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3 ECG (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Anh: Electrocardiogram), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y t\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tim. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, tim ph\u00e1t ra c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean ECG d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ECG, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a tim, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n nh\u1ecbp tim, h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng tim v\u00e0nh, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh, t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, suy tim v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tim.<\/p>\n Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o ECG th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c l\u00ean da c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chi \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a tim.<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u: ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i (ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd tim m\u1ea1ch cao), b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a lipid m\u00e1u (m\u1ee1 m\u00e1u), \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, \u0111au th\u1eaft ng\u1ef1c, h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p tr\u1ed1ng ng\u1ef1c, kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed c\u00f3 ng\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec… th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tim.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tim th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tim l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a tim. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tim, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u1ef9 v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Trong t\u00e2m nh\u0129 ph\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 n\u00fat xoang ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t ra xung \u0111i\u1ec7n. Xung \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n ra c\u00e1c c\u01a1 xung quanh l\u00e0m co b\u00f3p hai t\u00e2m nh\u0129 (t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u00f3ng P tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3). Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n theo m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fat nh\u0129 th\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n v\u00e1ch li\u00ean th\u1ea5t, r\u1ed3i theo chu\u1ed7i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i Purkinje ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc v\u00e1ch li\u00ean th\u1ea5t lan v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 xung quanh (t\u1ea1o ra lo\u1ea1t s\u00f3ng QRS) l\u00e0m hai t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t co b\u00f3p. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c xung \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t gi\u00e3n ra (t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u00f3ng T).<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong tim khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n nh\u1ecbp tim v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tim, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n \u0110o \u0111i\u1ec7n tim l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m an to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eefa \u0103n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1ecbn \u0111\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 n\u1eb1m y\u00ean t\u0129nh, th\u00e1o b\u1ecf c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, c\u1edfi n\u00fat \u00e1o b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 gi\u1eef hai tay song song v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng hai ch\u00e2n du\u1ed7i th\u1eb3ng. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3 l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tim nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n tim r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, b\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean khoa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n tim g\u00e2y ra hay kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean phi\u1ebfu x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, c\u1ea7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00eam v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean khoa.<\/p>\n Hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean thi tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tim. Th\u1ee5y An xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tim di \u0111\u1ed9ng 12 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/thuyanbio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/heart-cardiogram-hands-doctor-closeup-260nw-1905695371.jpg\")
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